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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 98(3): 310-315, May-June 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1386101

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: Sexual violence is a problem that affects children and adolescents regardless of social class, age, origin, religion, education level, marital status, race, or sexual orientation. This study aimed to analyze the associations between victim-offender relationships and the victim's age in cases of sexual violence involving female victims. Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective observational study used data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Department of Public Health Surveillance in Brasília regarding the reportable crime of rape as informed by female victims in the Federal District between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018. The age of the victim was classified as <15 years or 15-19 years. The offenders were classified into eight different categories according to their relationship with the victim: father, stepfather, brother, husband, boyfriend, friend, stranger, and others. The association between the victim-offender relationship and the victim's age was assessed. Results: Overall, there were 4,617 reported cases of sexual violence, with 78.3% of these (n = 3614) corresponding to children under 15 and 21.7% to adolescents 15-19 years old (n = 1003). Close relatives, including brothers, and friends were the main perpetrators in cases of girls < 15 years old. Strangers and friends were the principal perpetrators in the group of girls 15-19 years old. Conclusions: Children under 15 are the group most affected by sexual violence. Strategies must be developed to prevent the sexual abuse of children and adolescents and to facilitate the rehabilitation of victimized children.

3.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 43(4): 291-296, Apr. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280045

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether continuation rates with the 52-mg levonorgestrelreleasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) up to 5 years after placement differed between women using the method exclusively for contraception and those using the device for medical reasons alone. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a family planning clinic with 5,034 LNG-IUS users: 4,287 using the method exclusively for contraception and 747 for medical reasons alone. The continuation rate at 1 to 5 years of use was calculated by life table analysis. Results Initially, the continuation rate was significantly higher in the contraception group: 85.8 versus 83.4 and 77.4 versus 76.0 per 100 women-years in the 1st and 2nd years of use, respectively. There were more discontinuations due to bleeding/spotting in the medical reasons group in the first two years. The discontinuation rate according to reason for use was not significantly different from the third to the fifth year of use. No women discontinued due to amenorrhea in either group. Conclusion The continuation rate was significantly higher in the contraception group in the first two years of use. Amenorrhea was not a reason for discontinuation in either group, suggesting that counselling in this respect was adequate. Nevertheless, counselling could perhaps have been better with regards to the expected long period of bleeding and spotting in the first two years after placement.


Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a taxa de continuação até 5 anos de uso do sistema intrauterino liberador de 52-mg levonorgestrel por dia (SIU LNG) -IUS) é diferente entre mulheres que o usam exclusivamente como anticoncepcional que entre as que usam exclusivamente por razões médicas. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo realizado em uma clínica de Planejamento Familiar 5.034 usuárias de SIU LNG, 4.287 que optaram pelo método apenas como anticoncepcional e 747 que o usavamsomente por razoesmédicas. A taxa de continuação de um até cinco ano foi calculada por meio de análise de tabela de vida Resultados No início a taxa de continuação foi significativamente maior no grupo da anticoncepção: 85,8 versus 83,4 e 77,4 versus 76,0 por 100 anos-mulher no 1° e 2° ano de uso, respectivamente. Houve mais descontinuações por sangrado-manchado no grupo de razões médicas nos dos primeiros anos. A taxa de continuação não foi significativamente diferente desde o terceiro até o quinto ano de uso. Nenhuma mulher de ambos os grupos descontinuou por amenorreia. Conclusão A taxa de continuação foi significativamente maior no grupo de anticoncepção durante os dos primeiros anos de uso. Amenorreia não foi motivo de descontinuação em ambos os grupos, sugerindo que a orientação a esse respeito foi adequada. Entretanto, a orientação referente ao longo período de sangramentos irregulares nos dois primeiros anos após a inserção, precisaria ser melhorado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Levonorgestrel/administration & dosage , Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage , Intrauterine Devices, Medicated/adverse effects , Parity , Brazil , Patient Education as Topic , Regression Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Levonorgestrel/adverse effects , Marital Status , Counseling , Educational Status , Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects , Menstruation Disturbances
4.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 67(1): 00004, ene.-mar 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280528

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Esta revisión no sistemática de la literatura tuvo como objetivo describir los cambios que se han producido en la práctica del parto por cesárea desde la antigüedad hasta la actualidad y evaluar las consecuencias de estos cambios para la mujer y para su hijo recién nacido. En la antigüedad, el parto por cesárea solo se realizaba post mortem o perimortem para preservar la vida del feto o para separarlo de su madre muerta. Actualmente, este método de parto es ampliamente utilizado no solo teniendo una indicación médica adecuada, sino también para adaptarse a la comodidad de la mujer embarazada y/o la de su obstetra. Dicha conducta, que ha llevado a un número creciente de procedimientos electivos, puede tener consecuencias negativas para la mujer y para su bebé. Este impacto negativo es contrario a lo esperado cuando la cesárea es indicada correctamente, cuando este procedimiento es un factor importante en salvar la vida de la madre y de su hijo recién nacido.


ABSTRACT This nonsystematic review of the literature aimed to describe the changes that have occurred in the practice of cesarean section delivery from ancient times until today and to evaluate the consequences of these changes for the woman and for her newborn child. In ancient times, cesarean section was only performed post mortem or perimortem to preserve the life of the fetus or to separate it from its dead mother. Currently, this method of delivery is widely used not only in accordance with the adequate medical indications, but also to suit the convenience of the pregnant woman and/or her obstetrician. Such conduct, which has led to increasing numbers of elective procedures, may result in negative consequences for the woman and for her baby. This negative impact is contrary to what is expected when cesarean sections are correctly indicated, in which circumstances the procedure plays an important role as a life-saving intervention for the mother and her newborn infant.

5.
In. Fernández, Anabela. Manejo de la embarazada crítica y potencialmente grave. Montevideo, Cuadrado, 2021. p.693-700.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1377912
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 42(12): 793-799, Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156069

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To find out which was the opinion of residents in obstetrics and gynecology about the advantages and disadvantages of medical abortion as compared with surgical procedures. Method Cross-sectional multicenter study among residents in obstetrics and gynecology from 21 maternity hospitals located in 4 different geographical regions of Brazil, using a self-responded questionnaire with 31 questions related to their opinion and experience on providing abortion services. Results Most residents agreed that "being less invasive" (94.7%), "does not require anesthesia" (89.7%), "can be accompanied during the process" (89.1%), "prevents physical trauma" (84.4%) were the main advantages of medical abortion. Conclusion Residents perceived both clinical and personal issues as advantages of medical abortion.


Resumo Objetivo Descobrir qual foi a opinião dos residentes em ginecologia e obstetrícia sobre as vantagens e desvantagens do aborto medicamentoso em relação aos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico transversal entre residentes de ginecologia e obstetrícia de 21 maternidades localizadas em 4 diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil, utilizando um questionário autorrespondido com 31 questões relacionadas à sua opinião e experiência na prestação de serviços de aborto. Resultados A maioria dos residentes concordou que "ser menos invasivo" (94,7%), "não necessitar de anestesia" (89,7%), "poder ser acompanhado durante o processo" (89,1%), "prevenir trauma físico" (84,4%) foram as principais vantagens do aborto medicamentoso. Conclusão Os residentes perceberam tanto questões clínicas como pessoais como sendo vantagens do aborto medicamentoso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Prenatal Care , Attitude of Health Personnel , Abortion, Induced , Internship and Residency , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obstetrics
7.
Saude e pesqui. (Impr.) ; 13(3): 653-663, jul.-set. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1121805

ABSTRACT

Buscou-se identificar o grau de adesão dos hospitais de referência ao Protocolo de atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência sexual no Paraná-Brasil, entre 2009 e 2015, associando aos perfis sociodemográficos e às categorias de adesão. Estudo observacional transversal, população composta por todas as mulheres em situação de violência sexual, atendidas por 28 Hospitais do Paraná. Analisaram-se dez itens sobre a taxa de adesão: desde o acolhimento, profilaxias, até encaminhamentos posteriores ao trauma. Encontrou-se que todos os Hospitais fizeram o atendimento agudo às mulheres: 50% aderiram às Profilaxias ISTs, AIDS e hepatites, coletas de secreção e exames sanguíneos; 63% ofereceram contracepção de emergência; 69% encaminharam para acompanhamento ambulatorial. Houve associação entre idade, etnia, escolaridade e estado civil com melhores taxas de adesão ao Protocolo. Entendeu-se que Hospitais de referência se preocupam com atendimentos agudos, mas não aderem integralmente às medidas profiláticas, multidisciplinares e continuadas.


The adhesion rate of reference hospitals to the Protocol of Attendance for women in situations of sexual violence in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2009 and 2015, is provided, associating it with sociodemographic profiles and adhesion categories. Current transversal observational study comprised an all-female population in situations of sexual violence attended by 28 hospitals in the state of Paraná. Ten items were analyzed, including reception of patient, prophylaxis and posttrauma referrals. All hospitals performed primary care for victims; 50% adhered to STIs, AIDS and hepatitis prophylaxis, secretion collection and blood tests; 63% offered emergency contraception; 69% forwarded them to outpatient follow-up. There was an association between age, ethnicity, education and marital status with better rates of adherence to the Protocol. Although reference hospitals are concerned with total care, they do not fully adhere to prophylactic, multidisciplinary and continuous measures.

9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 85(3): 201-207, jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126154

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El parto vaginal se asocia con un riesgo más alto de daño perineal, incontinencia urinaria y fecal comparado con el parto cesárea. Dicho riesgo aumenta con el parto instrumental (ej. fórceps) y disminuye cuando la posición al momento del parto reduce la compresión sobre el sacro o si el parto ocurre bajo el agua. En otros factores que aumentan el riesgo de incontinencia se incluyen: la gran multiparidad, la duración del trabajo de parto, el peso fetal y tamaño de su cabeza, la edad muy joven al momento del primer parto, la inducción del trabajo de parto, la obesidad, la diabetes, la constipación, el tabaquismo y la historia de incontinencia urinaria o fecal. Factores sociales que se asocian a incontinencia incluyen la falta de educación, malas condiciones de hábitat, trabajo manual intenso, la falta de actividad física y el divorcio.


ABSTRACT Vaginal delivery is associated with a higher risk of perineal injury, and urinary and fecal incontinence as compared with caesarean delivery; The risk is higher in case of operative vaginal delivery and lower if the position at delivery takes the weight off the sacrum or is carried out under water immersion; A number of other factors increase the risk of incontinence, including higher parity, duration of labour, fetal weight or size of fetal head, younger age at first delivery, induction of labour, obesity, diabetes, constipation, smoking and history of urinary or fecal incontinence. Social factors such as lack of education, poor living environment, intense manual labour, the absence of physical exercise and divorce, are also associated with incontinence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Perineum/injuries , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects , Fecal Incontinence/etiology
11.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 36(supl.1): e00187918, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055640

ABSTRACT

O aborto medicamentoso ou farmacológico tem demonstrado ser um meio eficaz para a interrupção da gravidez. Entretanto, o treinamento de provedores no uso do misoprostol tem sido limitado. O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar o grau de conhecimento dos médicos residentes em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia sobre aborto medicamentoso. Realizou-se um estudo transversal multicêntrico com residentes regularmente inscritos no programa de residência em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia de vinte e um hospitais de ensino. Foi utilizado um questionário de autorresposta. As respostas corretas a cada uma das alternativas foram identificadas e uma variável de resposta binária (≥ P70, < P70) foi definida pelo percentil 70 do número de perguntas sobre o misoprostol. Quatrocentos e sete médicos residentes devolveram o questionário, sendo que 404 estavam preenchidos e três em branco. A maioria (56,3%) dos residentes tinha até 27 anos de idade, era do sexo feminino (81,1%) e não vivia junto com um(a) companheiro(a) (70%). A maior proporção (68,2%) estava cursando o primeiro ou segundo ano da residência. Apenas 40,8% dos participantes acertaram 70% ou mais das afirmativas. Na análise múltipla, cursar o terceiro ano de residência ou superior (OR = 2,18; IC95%: 1,350-3,535) e ter participado do atendimento a uma mulher com abortamento induzido ou provavelmente induzido (OR = 4,12; IC95%: 1,761-9,621) mostraram-se associados a um maior conhecimento sobre o tema. Entre os médicos brasileiros residentes em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, o conhecimento sobre o aborto medicamentoso é muito reduzido e constitui um obstáculo para o bom atendimento dos casos de interrupção legal da gestação.


El aborto con medicamentos o farmacológico ha demostrado ser un medio eficaz para la interrupción del embarazo. No obstante, la capacitación de los médicos en el uso del misoprostol ha sido limitada. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar el grado de conocimiento de los médicos residentes en Ginecología y Obstetricia sobre el aborto con medicamentos. Se realizó un estudio transversal multicéntrico con residentes regularmente inscritos en el programa de residencia en Ginecología y Obstetricia de veintiún hospitales de enseñanza. Se utilizó un cuestionario de autorrespuesta. Las respuestas correctas de cada una de las alternativas fueron identificadas y una variable de respuesta binaria (≥ P70, < P70) se definió por el percentil 70 del número de preguntas sobre el misoprostol. Cuatrocientos siete médicos residentes devolvieron el cuestionario, siendo que 404 estaban cumplimentados y tres en blanco. La mayoría (56,3%) de los residentes tenía hasta 27 años de edad, eran de sexo femenino (81,1%); no vivía junto a un(a) compañero(a) (70%). La mayor proporción (68,2%) estaba cursando el primero o segundo año de residencia. Solamente un 40,8% de los participantes acertaron un 70% o más de las afirmaciones. En el análisis múltiple, estar en el tercer año de residencia o superior (OR = 2,18; IC95%: 1,350-3,535) y haber estado implicado en la atención a una mujer con aborto inducido o probablemente inducido (OR = 4,12; IC95%: 1,761-9,621) se mostraron asociados a un mayor conocimiento sobre el tema. Entre los médicos brasileños residentes en Ginecología y Obstetricia, el conocimiento sobre aborto con medicamentos es muy reducido y constituye en obstáculo para una buena atención de los casos de interrupción legal de la gestación.


Medical or drug-induced abortion has been proven as an effective means for termination of pregnancy. However, training of providers in the use of misoprostol has been limited. The current article aims to identify the degree of knowledge on medical abortion among Brazilian medical residents in Gynecology and Obstetrics. A multicenter cross-sectional study was performed with residents regularly enrolled in residency programs in Gynecology and Obstetrics in 21 teaching hospitals. A self-responded questionnaire was used. Correct responses to each of the alternatives were identified, and a binary response variable (≥ P70, < P70) was defined by the 70th percentile of the number of questions on misoprostol. Four hundred and seven medical residents returned the questionnaire, of which 404 were completed and three were blank. The majority (56.3%) of the residents were 27 years or younger, females (81.1%), and single or not living with a partner (70%). Two-thirds (68.2%) were in the first or second year of residency. Only 40.8% of the participants answered 70% or more of the questions correctly. In the multivariate analysis, enrollment in the third year of residency or greater (OR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.350-3.535) and having participated in treatment of a woman with induced or probably induced abortion (OR = 4.12; 95%CI: 1.761-9.621) were associated with better knowledge on the subject. Among Brazilian medical residents in Gynecology and Obstetrics, knowledge on medical abortion is very limited and poses an obstacle to proper care in cases of legal termination of pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Induced , Gynecology/education , Internship and Residency , Obstetrics , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 76(4): 425-429, oct.-dic.2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-781112

ABSTRACT

Las leyes sobre aborto son liberales en la mayor parte de los países desarrollados y muy restrictivas en países en desarrollo, particularmente América Latina, con dos excepciones. Organismos internacionales de Salud y Derechos Humanos promueven un mayor acceso al aborto seguro por su efecto inmediato de reducción de morbilidad y mortalidad materna. A pesar de eso las leyes permanecen muy restrictivas en la mayor parte de los países de América Latina, donde prevalece el concepto errado de que liberalizar la ley va a llevar a un aumento en el número de abortos, lo que casi todos prefieren evitar. Ese es un importante malentendido, porque las evidencias son que no hay menos aborto donde las leyes son restrictivas y no aumentan los abortos cuando las leyes se hacen más liberales. Así mismo, se cree que la mayor parte de la población está contra liberalizar la ley, pero preguntando mejor se descubre que la mayor parte está contra castigar a la mujer que aborta. Pero, el principal malentendido es creer que hay personas æa favor del abortoÆ, en circunstancia que ni siquiera a la mujer que se provoca el aborto le gusta abortar. La diferencia está en pensar que prohibiendo se soluciona el problema, o aceptar las evidencias que muestran que aumentando el acceso al aborto seguro no solo reduce el sufrimiento y la muerte, sino contribuye a reducir los abortos...


Abortion laws are generally liberal in most of the developed countries and restrictive in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, with two exceptions. International health and human rights organizations promote broader access to safe abortion based on its effectiveness in immediate reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality. Laws remain restrictive in Latin America because of the erroneous concept that liberalization of the law would increase the number of induced abortions, something most people would not like. This is a crucial misunderstanding because evidence shows abortions are not less in countries with restrictive laws and number of abortions does not increase following liberalization of the law. It is also believed that most people are against liberalization of the law, but further inquiry reveals that most people are against punishing women who have abortions. The main misunderstanding is the belief that there are people ôin favor of abortionõ, while even women who abort do not like abortion. The real difference is that there are people who believe that keeping restrictive laws can prevent abortion and others accept evidence which shows that increasing access to safe abortion not only reduces suffering and deaths but contributes to reduce induced abortions...


Subject(s)
Humans , Abortion, Criminal/prevention & control , Abortion, Legal , Abortion, Legal/trends , Latin America , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Abortion, Induced
15.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 18(1): 94-107, Jan-Mar/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736437

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a proporção de serviços de saúde (SSs) que preenchem a notificação compulsória e quais os principais obstáculos para o preenchimento de tal documento. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo com abordagem mista. Para a abordagem quantitativa, foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal, com coleta de dados por telefone. Foram identificados 291 SSs no Estado de São Paulo que referiam dar atendimento a mulheres que sofrem violência sexual. A amostra foi composta por 172 serviços que referiram prestar atendimento de emergência às mulheres. Na abordagem qualitativa realizaram-se estudos de casos, com amostra intencional e de conveniência. Foram escolhidos seis municípios, nos quais foram entrevistados profissionais de dois SSs. Realizaram-se 45 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para os dados quantitativos, realizou-se uma análise descritiva simples. Para os dados qualitativos, realizou-se análise temática do conteúdo das entrevistas. RESULTADOS: A proporção de serviços que referiram sempre preencher a ficha de notificação em casos de violência sexual foi de 79,1%. Mais da metade (53,5%) referiu dificuldades relativas às mulheres atendidas, um terço referiu motivos referentes à ficha e 29,7% reportaram dificuldades relacionadas aos profissionais. Na etapa qualitativa, as dificuldades mais referidas foram o tamanho da ficha, os problemas para se obter as informações da mulher e a dificuldade do profissional em obter essas informações. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a maior parte dos SSs tenha referido preencher a ficha de notificação compulsória, mencionou também várias dificuldades para fazê-lo, especialmente relacionadas à sobrecarga de trabalho dos profissionais e à incompreensão acerca da importância dessa notificação no contexto da atenção integral às mulheres que sofrem violência sexual. .


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of health services that fill out the compulsory notification and what the main difficulties to fill it out are. METHODS: A study was carried out with two different approaches. For the quantitative approach, a cross sectional study was performed, with telephone data collection. In the state of São Paulo, 291 health services that had reported providing care to women who suffer from sexual violence were identified. The sample was composed of 172 services that reported providing emergency care to women. In the qualitative approach, case studies were conducted. Six cities were chosen by intention and convenience. For each of them, professionals from two health services were invited to participate. Forty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted. For quantitative data, a descriptive analysis was carried out. For qualitative data, a thematic analysis of content was performed. RESULTS: The proportion of health services which reported always filling out the notification in cases of sexual violence was 79.1%. More than half (53.5%) reported difficulties concerning the assisted women, one third reported reasons related to the form, and 29.7%, to the professionals. In the qualitative approach, the main difficulties were the size of the form, the problems to obtain the information about the woman and the difficulty for the professional to obtain this information. CONCLUSION: Although most health services claimed to fill out the compulsory notification, they also mentioned several difficulties to do so, especially with regard to the workload of professionals and the misunderstanding about the importance of the notification in the context of comprehensive care to women who suffer from sexual violence. .


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proportion of health services that fill out the compulsory notification and what the main difficulties to fill it out are. METHODS: A study was carried out with two different approaches. For the quantitative approach, a cross sectional study was performed, with telephone data collection. In the state of São Paulo, 291 health services that had reported providing care to women who suffer from sexual violence were identified. The sample was composed of 172 services that reported providing emergency care to women. In the qualitative approach, case studies were conducted. Six cities were chosen by intention and convenience. For each of them, professionals from two health services were invited to participate. Forty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted. For quantitative data, a descriptive analysis was carried out. For qualitative data, a thematic analysis of content was performed. RESULTS: The proportion of health services which reported always filling out the notification in cases of sexual violence was 79.1%. More than half (53.5%) reported difficulties concerning the assisted women, one third reported reasons related to the form, and 29.7%, to the professionals. In the qualitative approach, the main difficulties were the size of the form, the problems to obtain the information about the woman and the difficulty for the professional to obtain this information. CONCLUSION: Although most health services claimed to fill out the compulsory notification, they also mentioned several difficulties to do so, especially with regard to the workload of professionals and the misunderstanding about the importance of the notification in the context of comprehensive care to women who suffer from sexual violence. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Health Services , Sex Offenses , Attitude of Health Personnel , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic , Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
16.
Femina ; 40(6): 301-306, Nov.-Dez. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-708370

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se a situação do atendimento às mulheres e crianças vítimas de violência sexual nos serviços públicos de saúde no Brasil, de acordo com a norma técnica do Ministério da Saúde de 1998. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de corte trasnsversal, com representatividade nacional. Realizaram-se entrevistas telefônicas com gestores municipais de saúde e responsáveis por 1.395 estabelecimentos que referiram atender mulheres e crianças que sofrem violência sexual. Apenas cerca de 8% deles seguiam um protocolo baseado na norma técnica do Ministério da Saúde. Dentre os 874 hospitais e prontos-socorros de adultos incluídos na amostra, 30, 37 e 26% referiram realizar a interrupção legal da gestação nos casos de estupro, risco de vida da mulher e malformação fetal incompatível com a vida extrauterina, respectivamente. Entretanto, apenas 5,6, 4,8 e 5,5% tinham realizado ao menos uma interrupção nos 10-14 meses anteriores à pesquisa. Observou-se, portanto, grande progresso no reconhecimento de que a violência sexual existe, é frequente e que as mulheres, crianças e adolescentes que sofrem essas agressões precisam de atendimento médico especializado. Falta, entretanto, muito esforço para que esse reconhecimento se transforme em realidade prática, a fim de que todas as mulheres e crianças agredidas sexualmente tenham o atendimento de emergência e o seguimento de que precisam.


A study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the situation of the care received by women and children who suffer sexual violence, and whether the public health units follow the technical guidelines launched by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 1998. It was a cross sectional study with national representation. Telephonic interviews were held with municipal health managers and the professionals responsible for 1.395 health units providing health care to women or children. Only nearly 8% of these units followed the guidelines of the Ministry of Health. Among the 874 hospitals or emergency health care units for adults included in the sample, 30, 37 and 26% declared to carry out legal termination of pregnancy in case of rape, danges to woman's life and fetal malformation incompatible with survival after birth, respectively. However, only 5,6, 4,8 and 5,5% had carried out at least one pregnancy termination for each of the three causes during the 10-14 months before the interview. It is concluded that there was an important progress in the recognition that sexual violence against women and children exists, it is a frequent occurrence, and that women, adolescents and children who suffer sexual aggression require specialized medical care. A large effort is needed, however, to get that such recognition is translated into a situation where every woman or child who suffer violence receives the emergency care, as well as the follow up they need.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Services , Sex Offenses , Attitude of Health Personnel , Delivery of Health Care , Child Abuse, Sexual , Health Services Accessibility , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Sex Offenses , Violence Against Women , Women's Health
17.
Rev. saúde pública ; 46(2): 351-358, Apr. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618477

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de violência em mulheres usuárias da atenção primária em saúde, se essas situações eram detectadas e como eram tratadas pelos profissionais desses serviços. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com 14 coordenadores municipais de saúde da mulher, 2.379 usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde, 75 gestores e 375 profissionais, em 15 municípios do estado de São Paulo, realizado entre agosto de 2008 e maio de 2009. Os dados foram coletados por questionários estruturados e realizou-se análise descritiva. RESULTADOS: Protocolo de atendimento específico para as mulheres em situação de violência foi mencionado em cinco municípios. A maioria dos coordenadores disse que situações de violência entre as usuárias eram detectadas, embora 74 por cento dissessem que isso não era investigado rotineiramente, o que foi confirmado por 72,3 por cento dos profissionais. Entre as mulheres, 76,5 por cento referiram ter sofrido algum tipo de violência ao longo da vida e 56,4 por cento relataram violência por parceiro íntimo; cerca de 30 por cento mencionaram pelo menos um episódio nos últimos 12 meses; 6,5 por cento disseram ter procurado ajuda em Unidade Básica de Saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Relevante proporção de usuárias vivenciava violência em seu cotidiano, especialmente por parceiros íntimos. Maior parte das mulheres não era identificada ou abordada nesses serviços e não recebia ajuda. Gestores e profissionais de saúde, embora percebessem a magnitude do problema, não consideravam a atenção básica preparada para atender essas mulheres. Evidenciou-se a ausência de rede intersetorial de cuidados para atender mulheres em situação de violência.


OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of violence in women who are primary healthcare users and to verify if these situations were detected and how they were tackled by these services' professionals. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out with 14 municipal women's health coordinators, 2,379 women who are users of primary healthcare units, 75 managers and 375 professionals, in 15 municipalities of the State of São Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), between August 2008 and May 2009. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and a descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS: A specific protocol for assisting women in situations of violence was mentioned in five municipalities. The majority (83 percent) of the coordinators reported that situations of violence among female users were detected, although 74 percent said this was not routinely investigated, which was confirmed by 72.3 percent of the professionals. Among the women, 76.5 percent reported having experienced some type of violence throughout their lives, and 56.4 percent said that an intimate partner was the perpetrator of that violence; almost 30 percent reported at least one episode in the 12 months prior to the interview; 6.5 percent reported looking for help at a Primary Healthcare Unit. CONCLUSIONS: A relevant proportion of users experienced violence in their daily routine, mainly perpetrated by an intimate partner. Most of the women were neither identified nor approached in these services and did not receive help. Although health managers and professionals realized the magnitude of the problem, they did not consider that primary care was prepared to assist these women. The study showed that there is no intersectoral care network to assist women in situation of violence.


OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de violencia en mujeres usuarias de la atención primaria de salud y si tales situaciones eran detectadas y como eran tratadas por los profesionales de dichos servicios. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con 14 coordinadores municipales de salud de la mujer, 2.379 usuarias de unidades básicas de salud, 75 gestores y 375 profesionales, en 15 municipios del Estado de Sao Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, realizado entre agosto de 2008 y mayo de 2009. Los datos fueron colectados por cuestionarios estructurados y se realizó análisis descriptivo. RESULTADOS: Protocolo de atención específico para las mujeres en situación de violencia fue mencionado en cinco municipios. La mayoría de los coordinadores mencionó detectar situaciones de violencia entre las usuarias; sin embargo, 74 por ciento señalaron que tales situaciones no eran investigadas de forma rutinaria, siendo confirmado por 72,3 por ciento de los profesionales. Entre las mujeres, 76,5 por ciento relataron haber sufrido algún tipo de violencia a lo largo de la vida y 56,4 por ciento mencionaron violencia por pareja íntima; cerca de 305 mencionaron por lo menos un episodio en los últimos 12 meses; 6,5 por ciento señalaron haber procurado ayuda en Unidad Básica de Salud. CONCLUSIONES: Relevante proporción de usuarias vivenciaba violencia en su cotidiano, especialmente por parejas íntimas. Mayor parte de las mujeres no era identificada o abordada en tales servicios y no recibía ayuda. Gestores y profesionales de salud, a pesar de percibir la magnitud del problema, no consideraban la atención básica preparada para atender dichas mujeres. Se evidenció la ausencia de red inter-sectorial de cuidados para atender mujeres en situación de violencia.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Battered Women/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Spouse Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Violence Against Women , Attitude of Health Personnel , Battered Women/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Centers , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Spouse Abuse/psychology
18.
Rev. bras. saúde matern. infant ; 12(1): 37-46, jan.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: lil-626592

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of gender and sexual violence, its association with gender and ethical attitudes and the experience of suffering and perpetration of violence were evaluated among students at a public university in Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study analyzed the answers given by 2430 students to a questionnaire sent by internet. RESULTS: among girls, 56.3 percent had been subjected to some kind of violence and 9.4 percent to sexual violence since university admission; 29.9 percent of men reported having perpetrated some kind of violence, 11.4 percent gender and 3.3 percent sexual violence. Multivariate analysis showed that living with parents/relatives was a protective factor for women being subjected to and men perpetrating sexual violence but not for 'any type of violence'. Lower scores for ethical attitudes were associated with a greater likelihood of men perpetrating any kind of or gender violence. Student for whom religion was important had a lower risk of being a perpetrator of any type and of sexual violence, but not gender violence. CONCLUSIONS: the findings may be useful for the discussion of this problem and to propose interventions to prevent or minimize the problems of gender and sexual violence on campus. Further studies in other university contexts need to be carried out to increase knowledge and explore possibilities for intervention...


Avaliar a prevalência de violência de gênero e sexual e sua associação com atitude de gênero e ética e a experiência de sofrer e perpetrar violência, entre alunos de uma universidade pública no Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal que analisou as respostas de 2430 alunos a um questionário enviado por internet. RESULTADOS: entre as alunas, 56,3 por cento sofreram algum tipo de violência e 9,4 por cento sofreram violência sexual desde seu ingresso na universidade; 29,9 porcento dos homens declararam ter perpetrado algum tipo de violência; 11,4 por cento violência de gênero e 3,3 por cento violência sexual. Análise multivariada apontou que viver com pais/parentes foi um fator que protegeu as mulheres de sofrerem e os homens de perpetrarem violência sexual, mas não 'qualquer tipo de violência'. Baixa pontuação no escore de atitude em ética esteve associada a alta probabilidade dos homens perpetrarem 'qualquer tipo de violência' e violência de gênero. Os alunos que davam importância à religião tiveram risco menor de serem perpetradores de 'qualquer tipo de violência' e de violência sexual, mas não de violência de gênero. CONCLUSÕES: os achados podem ser úteis para a discussão desse problema e para propor intervenções para prevenir ou minimizar os problemas de violência de gênero e sexual no campus. Além disso, requerem-se mais pesquisas para ampliar o conhecimento e as possibilidades de intervenção...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Students , Universities , Sex Offenses , Violence Against Women , Gender and Health , Ethics
19.
Fisioter. pesqui ; 18(2): 164-170, abr.-jun. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-610148

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se um estudo clínico comparativo com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da Reeducação Postural Global (RPG) no tratamento da lombalgia durante a gravidez e sua relação com limitações funcionais das gestantes. Os sujeitos foram 34 gestantes nulíparas atendidas em três centros de saúde e um hospital privado de Campinas, com idade gestacional entre 20 e 25 semanas e queixa de dor lombar. Dezessete gestantes foram submetidas a sessões de RPG durante oito semanas consecutivas, e as demais seguiram orientações de rotina para controle da dor lombar. Em cada sessão de RPG avaliou-se a intensidade da dor percebida pela mulher, antes e após os procedimentos. O grupo controle foi avaliado quanto à intensidade da dor na admissão, às quatro e oito semanas do estudo. Aplicou-se o questionário Roland-Morris para avaliar limitações funcionais, ao início e final do acompanhamento. O grupo de RPG apresentou decréscimo estatisticamente significativo na intensidade da dor antes e depois das sessões. Ao longo do estudo, as mulheres submetidas a RPG tiveram medianas de intensidade da dor e médias do escore de limitações funcionais significativamente menores que as do grupo controle. Análise de covariância indicou que o tratamento com RPG estava associado à menor intensidade da dor percebida ao final do estudo. Conclui-se que a RPG pode dar importante contribuição no tratamento da dor lombar durante a gestação, reduzindo, ao mesmo tempo, as limitações funcionais.


A clinical comparative study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) in low back pain treatment during pregnancy, and its association with pregnant women functional limitations. The subjects were 34 nulliparous women attended in 3 public health units and 1 private hospital in Campinas. All women were at 20-25 weeks gestation and experiencing low back pain. Seventeen women were submitted to 8 GPR weekly consecutive sessions and 17 followed the routine recommendations for treating lumbar pain. In each GPR session the low back pain severity was assessed, before and after procedures. The control group had 3 low back pain intensity and treatment evaluation sessions (at admission, 4 and 8 weeks). Roland Morris questionnaire was applied in order to assess functional limitations in the beginning and at the end of the study. Women in the GPR group had a significant decrease of low back pain severity, before and after each session. Throughout the study, women in the GPR group had significantly lower pain medians and lower functional limitations score means than women in the control group. Covariance analysis pointed out that GPR treatment was associated to lower perceived pain intensity at the end of the follow-up. It is concluded that GPR can be an important contribution to the low back pain treatment during pregnancy and also it would help to reduce the damage caused by functional limitations. This will certainly has a positive influence upon women's quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Low Back Pain , Muscle Stretching Exercises , Physical Therapy Modalities , Pregnancy
20.
Buenos Aires; Paidós; 2011. 269 p. tab, graf.(Tramas Sociales, 67).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-619548

ABSTRACT

Contenido: El drama humano del aborto. El significado de las palabras. La magnitud del aborto inducido. Consecuencias del aborto inseguro. ¿Por qué las mujeres se embarazan cuando no lo desean?. ¿Por qué un embarazo es tan poco deseado que termina en un aborto?. Los profesionales de la salud frente a valores en conflicto. Los valores religiosos. Valores éticos. Los valores tal como se reflejan en la legislación. Cómo mejorar la situación. En busca de un consenso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Induced , Contraception , Human Rights
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